Ross Castle, situated in the stunning Killarney National Park in County Kerry, Ireland, is a magnificent example of late medieval architecture. It is often seen on postcards and featured in countless travel brochures, drawing visitors from around the world.
While its fairy-tale appearance may suggest a peaceful retreat, the castle has a rich history, filled with fascinating tales of noble families, strategic alliances, and significant cultural changes.
The name "Ross Castle" is derived from the Irish term "Caisleán an Rois," which translates to "the Castle of the Promontory." This name is a fitting description, as the castle is located on Ross Island, a prominent landmass that extends into Lough Leane. The castle was built between 1450 and 1500 by the O'Donoghue family, a powerful local dynasty that ruled over the area during the late medieval period. The O'Donoghues constructed a large tower house surrounded by a bawn wall for protection. This outer defensive line likely included a timber palisade and ditches, safeguarding essential buildings like the stables, the smithy, and the homes of the garrison.
The architecture of Ross Castle was designed to serve both as a family residence and a secure fortress. The ground floor primarily functioned as storage and housed the castle's guard and serving staff. The first floor was reserved for the family's domestic rooms, while the second floor contained the bedrooms. At the top of the tower was the Great Hall, the venue for public gatherings, feasts, and celebrations, a space that reflected the grandeur and influence of the O'Donoghue family.
Ancient Irish Castle! Ross #history
Video by The Road Less Traveled 7.37K subscribers
Throughout its history, Ross Castle was passed between various families, each contributing to the castle's rich heritage. After the O'Donoghues, the castle briefly came under the control of the McCarthy Mors, another influential family in the region. However, in the 17th century, as part of the English Crown's efforts to reshape Munster, Ross Castle was granted to Sir Valentine Brown, an English land surveyor. The Browns would go on to have the longest association with the castle, influencing much of its later history.
Despite its changing ownership, Ross Castle remained a center of culture and local governance. The Browns played a pivotal role in the region's development, and their influence extended far beyond the castle's walls. The family also maintained a connection to the Catholic faith, which eventually led to the intertwining of the Browns and the McCarthy Mors through marriage. Over time, this peaceful coexistence allowed the two families to foster mutual respect and cooperation.
In the 18th century, Ross Castle began to lose its prominence as a residence. The Browns' lifestyle changed with their elevation to the title of Earls of Kenmare, and the castle itself gradually fell into disrepair. In the 19th century, the roof of the castle was removed to avoid paying taxes, and the building was abandoned for several decades.
However, the castle's historical importance did not go unnoticed, and by the 20th century, Ross Castle came under state care. It underwent significant restoration work to preserve its medieval character while using traditional materials and techniques, such as horsehair plaster and hand-cut timbers. These efforts helped restore the castle to its former glory, allowing visitors to appreciate the architecture and history in a way that respects its original design.
Today, Ross Castle stands as one of Ireland's most visited landmarks, drawing visitors not only for its stunning views of Lough Leane and the surrounding mountains but also for its deep connection to Ireland's cultural heritage. The castle is a popular destination for tourists, offering guided tours that provide insight into the O'Donoghue and Brown families' lives and the castle's architectural evolution.
For anyone visiting Killarney National Park, Ross Castle is an essential stop. Whether you are exploring the history of noble families, enjoying a peaceful boat trip on the lake, or simply admiring the scenic beauty, Ross Castle offers an unforgettable experience. With its fascinating past and timeless charm, it continues to captivate those who visit, making it a true gem of Ireland's historical and natural heritage.
